The proliferation of privately-controlled information and communications infrastructure in outer space generates political authority for tech giants in new ways. In the Russia-Ukraine war, for instance, Elon Musk has demonstrated his ability and willingness to switch off SpaceX’s Starlink service on which military forces depend. The emergence of low-Earth orbit satellite internet constellations as critical wartime infrastructure has thus translated to a private actor exercising unprecedented control over the conduct of a war between nations. Meanwhile, Silicon Valley billionaires plan to put data centers in orbit and on the moon to circumnavigate terrestrial constraints on exploding AI-driven demand for data centers. Our research unpacks how the rising presence of big tech in outer space influences democracy, global governance, and planetary security. It contributes to the wealth of work on the digital political economy by exploring governance challenges distinct to the outer space environment, as humanity comes to depend more and more profoundly on internet infrastructure there.